Freezing Point Of T Butanol
| |||
 | |||
| Names | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Preferred IUPAC name 2-Methylpropan-ii-ol | |||
Other names
| |||
| Identifiers | |||
| CAS Number |
| ||
| 3D model (JSmol) |
| ||
| Beilstein Reference | 906698 | ||
| ChEBI |
| ||
| ChEMBL |
| ||
| ChemSpider |
| ||
| DrugBank |
| ||
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.000.809 | ||
| EC Number |
| ||
| Gmelin Reference | 1833 | ||
| MeSH | tert-Butyl+Alcohol | ||
| PubChem CID |
| ||
| RTECS number |
| ||
| UNII |
| ||
| United nations number | 1120 | ||
| CompTox Dashboard (EPA) |
| ||
| InChI
| |||
| SMILES
| |||
| Properties | |||
| Chemical formula | C 4 H 10 O | ||
| Tooth mass | 74.123 g·mol−1 | ||
| Appearance | Colorless solid | ||
| Aroma | Camphorous | ||
| Density | 0.775 chiliad/mL | ||
| Melting betoken | 25 to 26 °C; 77 to 79 °F; 298 to 299 Thou | ||
| Boiling point | 82 to 83 °C; 179 to 181 °F; 355 to 356 Chiliad | ||
| Solubility in water | miscible[ii] | ||
| log P | 0.584 | ||
| Vapor pressure | 4.1 kPa (at xx °C) | ||
| Acidity (pK a) | 16.54 [iii] | ||
| Magnetic susceptibility (χ) | v.742×10−5 cmthree/mol | ||
| Refractive index (northward D) | 1.387 | ||
| Dipole moment | ane.31 D | ||
| Thermochemistry | |||
| Heat chapters (C) | 215.37 J K−1 mol−1 | ||
| Std molar | 189.v J K−1 mol−i | ||
| Std enthalpy of | −360.04 to −358.36 kJ mol−ane | ||
| Std enthalpy of | −2.64479 to −ii.64321 MJ mol−1 | ||
| Hazards | |||
| GHS labelling: | |||
| Pictograms |   | ||
| Signal word | Danger | ||
| Run a risk statements | H225, H319, H332, H335 | ||
| Precautionary statements | P210, P261, P305+P351+P338 | ||
| NFPA 704 (burn diamond) | two iii 0 | ||
| Flash point | 11 °C (52 °F; 284 1000) | ||
| Autoignition | 480 °C (896 °F; 753 K) | ||
| Explosive limits | two.four–eight.0% | ||
| Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC): | |||
| LD50 (median dose) | 3559 mg/kg (rabbit, oral) 3500 mg/kg (rat, oral)[4] | ||
| NIOSH (US health exposure limits): | |||
| PEL (Permissible) | TWA 100 ppm (300 mg/one thousandiii)[i] | ||
| REL (Recommended) | TWA 100 ppm (300 mg/one thousandthree) ST 150 ppm (450 mg/10003)[1] | ||
| IDLH (Immediate danger) | 1600 ppm[1] | ||
| Safety data canvas (SDS) | inchem.org | ||
| Related compounds | |||
| Related butanols | 2-Butanol northward-Butanol | ||
| Related compounds | 2-Methyl-2-butanol Trimethylsilanol Nonafluoro-tert-butyl booze | ||
| Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). Infobox references | |||
tert-Butyl alcohol is the simplest third booze, with a formula of (CH3)3COH (sometimes represented as t-BuOH). Its isomers are 1-butanol, isobutanol, and butan-2-ol. tert-Butyl alcohol is a colorless solid, which melts near room temperature and has a camphor-like odor. It is miscible with h2o, ethanol and diethyl ether.
Natural occurrence [edit]
tert-Butyl alcohol has been identified in beer and chickpeas.[5] It is as well plant in cassava,[6] which is used as a fermentation ingredient in certain alcoholic beverages.
Preparation [edit]
tert-Butyl booze is derived commercially from isobutane as a coproduct of propylene oxide production. It tin also be produced past the catalytic hydration of isobutylene, or by a Grignard reaction betwixt acetone and methylmagnesium chloride.
Purification cannot be performed by simple distillation due to formation of an azeotrope with h2o, although initial drying of the solvent containing large amounts of water is performed by adding benzene to form a 3rd azeotrope and distilling off the water. Smaller amounts of water are removed by drying with calcium oxide (CaO), potassium carbonate (K2CO3), calcium sulfate (CaSO4), or magnesium sulfate (MgSOiv), followed by fractional distillation. Anhydrous tert-butyl alcohol is obtained by farther refluxing and distilling from magnesium activated with iodine, or alkali metals such every bit sodium or potassium. Other methods include the utilise of four Å molecular sieves, aluminium tert-butylate, calcium hydride (CaHtwo), or partial crystallization under inert temper.[7]
Applications [edit]
tert-Butyl alcohol is used equally a solvent, ethanol denaturant, paint remover ingredient, and gasoline octane booster and oxygenate. It is a chemic intermediate used to produce methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) and ethyl tert-butyl ether (ETBE) past reaction with methanol and ethanol, respectively, and tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) by reaction with hydrogen peroxide.
Reactions [edit]
Every bit a tertiary alcohol, tert-butyl alcohol is more resistant to oxidation than the other isomers of butanol.
tert-Butyl alcohol is deprotonated with a strong base to give the alkoxide. Specially common is potassium tert-butoxide, which is prepared by treating tert-butanol with potassium metallic.[viii]
- M + t-BuOH → t-BuO−One thousand+ + 1 / 2 H2
The tert-butoxide is a strong, non-nucleophilic base in organic chemistry. It readily abstracts acidic protons from substrates, but its steric majority inhibits the grouping from participating in nucleophilic substitution, such equally in a Williamson ether synthesis or an SNtwo reaction.
tert-Butyl booze reacts with hydrogen chloride to form tert-butyl chloride.
O-Chlorination of tert-butyl booze with hypochlorous acid to requite tert-butyl hypochlorite:[9]
- (CHiii)3COH + HOCl → (CH3)threeCOCl + H2O
Pharmacology and toxicology [edit]
In that location is express data on the pharmacology and toxicology of tert-butanol in humans and other animals.[10] Human exposure may occur due to fuel oxygenate metabolism. Tert-butanol is poorly captivated through skin but rapidly absorbed if inhaled or ingested. Tert-butanol is irritating to skin or optics. Toxicity of single doses is usually depression but loftier doses tin can produce a sedative or coldhearted effect.
References [edit]
- ^ a b c d NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. "#0078". National Institute for Occupational Condom and Health (NIOSH).
- ^ "ICSC 0114 – tert-Butanol". Inchem.org . Retrieved 29 March 2018.
- ^ Reeve, West.; Erikson, C. M.; Aluotto, P. F. (1979). "tert-Butyl alcohol". Can. J. Chem. 57: 2747. doi:ten.1139/v79-444.
- ^ "tert-Butyl booze". Immediately Dangerous to Life or Wellness Concentrations (IDLH). National Constitute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
- ^ "t-Butyl Alcohol". National Library of Medicine HSDB Database. National Found for Wellness. Retrieved 29 March 2018.
- ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2013-03-05 .
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived re-create as title (link) - ^ Perrin, D. D.; Armarego, W. 50. F. (1988). Purification of Laboratory Chemicals (3rd ed.). Pergamon Printing. ISBN9780080347141.
- ^ Johnson, W. Southward.; Schneider, Due west. P. (1950). "β-Carbethoxy-γ,γ-diphenylvinylacetic acid". Organic Syntheses. 30: 18. doi:10.15227/orgsyn.030.0018.
- ^ Mintz, H. Chiliad.; Walling, C. (1969). "t-Butyl Hypochlorite". Org. Synth. 49: 9. doi:ten.15227/orgsyn.049.0009.
- ^ Douglas McGregor (2010). "Tertiary-Butanol: a toxicological review". Critical Reviews in Toxicology. 40 (8): 697–727. doi:x.3109/10408444.2010.494249. PMID 20722584. S2CID 26041562.
External links [edit]
- International Chemic Condom Carte 0114
- NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. "#0078". National Institute for Occupational Rubber and Wellness (NIOSH).
- IPCS Ecology Health Criteria 65: Butanols: four isomers
- IPCS Health and Prophylactic Guide 7: tert-Butanol
Freezing Point Of T Butanol,
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tert-Butyl_alcohol
Posted by: lawrencelabon1956.blogspot.com
0 Response to "Freezing Point Of T Butanol"
Post a Comment